Extreme Sports Essay Example For Students

Extreme Sports Essay Have you ever done something so extreme, that youve actually risked your lifefor it maybe? If so, why did you do it? Maybe to prove a point, but to who? Manypeople actually feel like they must make that impact in the world and prove apoint to everyone else about being able to accomplish something maybe no oneelse could. It seems like a way to get attention possibly. Or maybe this justproves what people will actually do for money if it in fact was involved. Itsactually said some people with personal experience to be more of a mental andspiritual thing to do, as opposed to a physical challenge, but theres nodenying that you do work your legs, lung and ligaments. Everyday, daring peopleall over the world are participating in extreme sports like adventure racing,bull-fighting, in-line skating, bungee jumping, snow boarding and skateboarding. All of these sports involve a serious risk, and thats why they are calledExtreme Sports. Starting with one of the most vigorous and growing sport inNorth America, adventure racing in 1999 will see up to 80 competitions for thesport alone. This means that tens of thousands of people will be participating,while many millions will be watching it on their very own televisions at home. Adventure racing includes completing extreme activities before other teamsincluding mountain climbing, bike riding, and even canoeing. A type of adventureracing that is fueling up is the solo competitions. This type of racing is safe,but it simply means that you do not have teammates to look out for you anymore. You must also push it to your best, and be a quick and fast. To keep the racingenvironment safe as possible, an association was formed called the AdventureRacing Association. The first meeting was in Australia on August 22nd, 1997. About 50 people of different nations gathered to discuss the highly importanttopics of safety in the racing environment. It is also a place for these peopleto learn more about the events, and discuss the sport. A man named Dugard wroteduring his initial experience in the Raid in 1992: What I really wanted todo was quit. Ive had enough of this foolishness this suffering. Thetemperature is 120 degrees. Ive hiked, rafted, canoed and climbed over 350miles. I have definitely lived the promise that race organizer and founderGerard Fusil made when I implored him to let me compete. You will suffer.Rock climbing is an International sport that many people do for fun. They chosea site to basically climb, and thats exactly what they do! Climbing isa very dangerous and risking sport, and is very similar to something youd doin Adventure Racing. Only, usually rock climbers and mountain climbers do itmainly for fun, and its usually not a race when its on its own. It caneven be for a family vacation to go rock climbing! For people who rock climboften, it is essential that you buy your own equipment for your journeys. What equipment would that be? you ask? Well, you need climbing shoes. Can these be regular tennis shoes? is a popular asked question. The answeris, No, they must be special tightly fitting around your foot with a stickyrubber sole that provides the friction that you need for climbing. The laces ofthe shoes usually extend all of the way to the toe, and all the way to the topof the shoe making them very adjustable. The lace shoe also has a sole thatwraps around the heel and up the sides of the shoe. Another type of shoe that isused is the slipper. Experienced climbers only use the slipper however though,because it doesnt provide as much grip as the laced up ones. Anotherimportant thing that youll need is chalk. Surprising enough, the chalk isneeded to put on your hands when they get very sweaty. This makes them, so thatthey arent as sweaty, and you have a better grip. Obviously the last mostimportant thing youll need is a rope. How would you plan on climbing thathuge rock without a rope?! Yet another extreme sport that is enjoyed by manypeople worldwide is Bungee jumping. Bungee jumping was started in England byOxford Dangerous Sports club. They were the ones who named it Bungee. There aretwo different types of bungee jumping. Those two types are spelled a littledifferently. This first type is Bungy jumping. Bungy jumping has a lowervelocity, smoother ride, and higher rebounds. It is commonly something that canbe found as a priced ride at the fair or amusement parks all around the world. .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a , .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a .postImageUrl , .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a , .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a:hover , .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a:visited , .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a:active { border:0!important; } .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a:active , .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u826a8e1972243e8d34a7d7dee295dd1a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marketing research for augusti EssayThen, there is another type of bungee jumping, which is spelled Bungee jumping. Bungee jumping is the official, real bungee experience. It has way more freefallthan the generic Bungy jumping experience, and is not intended for people whoare timid or undurable for the ride. Bungee jumping is another dangerous sportthat does include a huge self risk for the jumper. Many accidents have beenreported about Bungee jumping, and sadly enough, the individuals themselvesarent always the ones who have control over their safety. Sometimes thepeople who work at the clubs of Bungee jumping may accidentally do somethingwrong to cause an accident. This is why you must go to a club that you trust. One of the many incidents include the most recent, this year, when a 16-year-oldgirl jumped from a 15 m high platform on a very chilly cold evening in Korea. Asupport wire which was used to allow the cord to drop was frozen, so the girlended up getting stuck 10 m from the ground in freezing weather until a firerescue team came to get her, which ended up being a chilly 4 hours! An accidentthat happened in Greece was caused by the jumper instead of a club worker thistime. The jumper was quite nervous and was waiting to jump off of the platform. After hearing the jumpmaster (which is the person who goes up with the jumper toinsure correct jumping procedures) count down to one, the jumper leaned forwardto do the jump. After looking at the distance from him to the ground, he decidedmaybe it wasnt such a cool idea, and turned around to grab the jumpmaster toreturn to the platform. As a mistake on the jumpmasters part, he himself wasnot secured and strapped in, so when the jumper grabbed a hold of him, he endedup flying off the platform along with the jumper. The jumpmaster died, but thejumper didnt since he was the one strapped on to the Bungee cord. As you cansee, bungee jumping is an added extreme to life that many people aresurprisingly willing to go through with. All of these sports involve a seriousrisk in your everyday human functions. Even though most of these sportyactivities that people engage in are meant to be fun, there are chances thatsomething may go wrong if procedures arent followed correctly. Thats whyit is imp ortant to always make sure you are going through with your sports undersafe hands. Sometimes clubs and sites that offer such amusement may not becompletely trustworthy as far as following the correct directions of how theyshould properly go about such extreme sports. You must also be responsible formaking sure if you are in good health and are able to withstand such events likecoarse mountain climbing, quick pace vigorous racing, and jumping free-fall offof a 15 m high off the ground platform. You should definitely not engage in suchsports if you have certain health problems such as back pains, or shoulderpains. You certainly should not do them if you are pregnant. So, play it safe,and make the right decisions and you can be off to have an experience of alifetime! Now you know why they call it Extreme, dont you?

Psmp Assignment Wanna Case Study Review free essay sample

What were their main points? What are their claims/conclusions? ) (75) The focus of debate surrounded federalism and the two positions, pragmatism versus principle. The main themes discussed are, duplication of functions, lack of cooperation, division of financial resources across the layers, costly administrative practice, the effects of globalization, devolution of roles and function and cost shifting between tiers. The review appears to conclude that federalism is not a productive form of governance in Australia yet the recommendations focus heavily on reform of the current system. Evidence (How does the author support their argument /finding? Question the credibility, logic, or empirical basis of what the author has written. The weight of evidence is important. Evidence means the foundation for the argument. Do they have facts or just opinions? How many people’s views are represented? Is it just a few anecdotes from a few people or a major representative survey? Are they drawing on other experts or credible sources? ) Page (list the page numbers in the right hand column that relate to the evidence you find) (104) The evidence relied upon is limited. The article is not an academic review, it is a summary report of the roundtable discussion held to review federalism in Australia. The paper refers to â€Å"around 50 participants† attending the roundtable, the inability of the author to state the number of attendees in the discussion highlights the lack of detailed evidence provided throughout the report. Wanna states all three levels of Government view federalism as a malaise. This is poorly evidenced, as Local Government was not represented. When discussing options for repairing the system the author fails to quantify the support and relies on generalist statements only. Page 275 Page 276 Page 277 Observations (What is your assessment of the reading? Write evaluative or judgemental comments. This is where you give your view or ‘critical analysis’. For example, only one side of the case is put forward, or the author’s employment status precludes critical analysis of the issues. Consider whether the author is biased or is promoting a particular ideology. See Section 5 of this guide for further advice). 116) The purpose of the paper is not clearly defined, it does not draw any clear conclusions about the approach required, it appears to conclude that federalism is not a viable form of governance, this is however inadequately stated or supported. The paper does not provide insight into the author’s viewpoint on the issues discussed. The paper is not a piece of academic literature it is a summary of discussions held at the roundtable and therefor lacks structure and clarity of purpose, it fails to adequately support either position and at times contradicts itself. The author fails to critically analyse the roundtable issues, and does not provide sufficient supporting documentation or review to support a position. The complex language used in the piece makes it difficult to read and the intent of the paper is lost somewhat as a result. Wanna does not convey a position. Federalism is stuffed but all the suggestions for reform focus around the improvement of the current structure. Other relevant or related readings (Find and provide full citations for at least two other references on the same subject and comment on how they are relevant. Show how the different sources/references agree or disagree; identify areas of overlap or gaps. Use correct reference format, see Section 5. 10 of this guide. (The two citations are not included in your word count but your comments are)). (41 + 75) A Twomey and G Withers, Federalist Paper 1 – Australia’s Federal Future, Council for the Australian Federation, April 2007, p 15. Title of consider Where there are problems, they are often with the way the Australian federal system operates, rather than with federalism itself. Rather than criticising our federal system, we should be working to make better use of its advantages? n order to improve our prosperity. In particular, the reform of the allocation of powers and responsibilities between the Commonwealth and the States, and reform of fiscal federalism, are desperately needed. (Twomey and Withers, 2007) Twomey and Withers argue the approach of strategic pragmatism as outlined in Wanna’s paper. The basis of their p osition is that the federalism structure is unlikely to be subject to major redesign and the discussion should focus on improving current operation. Commonwealth Government, Budget Paper No 3: Australia’s Federal Relations, 2009-10, 12 May 2009, p 7. Federations work best when the roles and responsibilities of each jurisdiction are clear and good public accountability mechanisms allow the community to hold the appropriate level of government to account for the quality and efficiency of the services delivered and outcomes achieved. Wanna highlighted the contention around delineation of roles and functions and whether this was a reasonable way forward given the shifts and changes in operating environment and questioned whether it was a worth- while goal to have a strict demarcation of roles and responsibilities between the jurisdictions. Wanna 2007) This point is contrasted by the clear view stated in the Commonwealth Government, Budget paper in 2009 that advocates strongly for demarcation of role and function. Part 2: Minor assignment Diagnostic Essay (1000 words, 65 marks) Write a critical essay about Federalism on the following topic: Discussing the outcome of a Roundtable discussion of federalism in Australia, John Wanna report ed that ll three levels of government Commonwealth, state/territory and local tended to see federalism as a malaise, not as a source of effective government (Wanna 2007: 276). What might be the reasons for this negative view of our system of government? What steps might be taken to overcome it? This essay, authored by XXXXXXXXXX, critically discusses Wanna’s statement, â€Å"that federalism is seen as a malaise† (Wanna, 2007) This paper will question this statement and explore steps to overcome the barriers to effective government. The recommendations of the roundtable ocused on adapting and improving the current system, which demonstrates that the system despite its limitations is entrenched in our political context and provides a stable form of Government moving forward. This essay explores the criticisms of federalism by examining the vertical fiscal imbalance ad the power dynamics associated with the funding relationships, reviewing the ambiguity in role and fun ctions of the tiers of government and discussing the limited capacity of the current system to provide clear and consistent legislation to support global operation. After reviewing the negative views of federalism and why the system is struggling to deliver effective government the essay will explore some of the options for reform, these options like the suggestions made by the roundtable review of federalism will focus on improving the current system. Federalism creates significant over lap in function and effort between governments, leading to a lack of role clarity, inefficiency and duplication of function (Fenna 2007: 298; Wanna 2007: 277). The blurred lines of responsibility and lack of clarity concerning the roles and functions of each level of government makes the system inefficient. The recent trends of federalism in Australia have seen the Commonwealth intervening on state and territorial matters hence creating a conflict of responsibilities (Tiernan, 2008). The Commonwealth has significant economic and financial power over the states due to the centralization of functions and the revenue base of the Commonwealth. This results in conflict in areas of responsibility and is evidenced by exploring the power dynamics within the funding relationships of government. With the Commonwealth holding the purse strings of the nation, a power imbalance is created. The states have insufficient revenue to meet the costs of service delivery and rely upon significant financial allocations from the commonwealth to carry out their functions; this is known as the vertical fiscal imbalance. The financial allocation and distribution of resources to the states has enabled the Commonwealth to have significant and direct input into the way funding is spent by the states. This undermines one of the key benefits of the federal system, the ability of states and territories to solve local issues by implementing solutions that are relevant to concerns specific to its states (Tiernan, 2008). Further to the financial argument is the focus of governments on cost shifting. A great deal of time and energy is spent determining who should pick up the check, and with the division of responsibilities being so unclear it supports the ongoing discussions over who should pay for what. With limited resources available to each of the tiers of government this argument has significant traction and the incentive for governments to shift the costs to others is clear. The complex nature of delivering service across the states due to lack of harmonisation of critical legislative frameworks is clear when exploring the interstate train example. This project has had in principle agreement from all governments since 1996, due to legislative barriers and challenges has been unable to gain traction. Operating an interstate train in Australia involves answering to seven rail safety regulators, three transport accident regulators, six rail access regimes, 15 occupational health and safety laws and 75 environmental laws. Steketee, 2008:193) The absurdity of this example highlights the need to review current regulations and establish consistency amongst Commonwealth and State legislation in order for Australia to operate effectively in a global environment. The relations between the three levels of government, and multiple governments within one level, impose institutional constraints on what individual governments can do and on their capacity to reform the machinery of government. (O’Faircheallaigh et al. 999:97) The pragmatic position to federalism, under pinned by these constraints advocates for reform within the current structure and it is from this position that this essay begins to explore opportunities for reform. Reform opportunities of the current model of federalism focus around the key criticisms outlined, the need to align the responsibilities of the layers of government, devolution of functions and review of the legislative influence exercised by the Commonwealth when purchasing service delivery from the states. Wanna et al. 2009: 9). It is essential that all tiers of government are responsive to the needs of the local community. Subsidiarity is essential, in achieving this goal as it endorses the most local form of government to address the issue (Wanna et al. 2009: 9). This devolution of power supports a robust democratic system of government, one that facilitates input and allows for consideration of a multitude of community views in the decision making process and the shaping of policy agendas that inform service delivery. An important facet of this is the need to focus Commonwealth attention on purchasing outcomes for service delivery and allowing the states to determine the mechanisms for achieving the results (Podger 2008: 36; Wanna 2007: 278) Federalism itself is not the problem. It is the funding and broader relationship complexities, the lack of clarity surrounding roles and responsibilities and the interface of legislation that needs to be addressed to improve the functioning and outcomes of the system. Despite the significant and often valid criticisms of federalism, it is a strong economic performer by international standards. Federalism provides a flexible and responsive framework to support management of changes in the global environment while maintaining a politically stable democracy. Federalism is regarded as one of the best governmental systems for dealing with the twin pressures produced by globalisation – the upward pressure to deal with some matters at the supra-national level and the downwards pressure to bring government closer to the people. (Twomey and Withers 2007: ) ? Reference List Fenna, A 2007, ‘The malaise of federalism: comparative reflections on Commonwealth-state relation’, Australian Journal of Public Administration, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 298-306. (PSM Manual pp. 224-232 – reproduced under license, in PSM Program 2009, Managing up: the framework of public sector management). O’Faircheallaigh et al. 1999:97 Challenges of Federalism. (PSM Manual pp. 188 – reproduced under license, in PSM Program 2009, Podger, A 2008, ‘Federalism reform’, Public Administration Today, vol. 14, pp. 35-37. Steketee M. , 2008 ‘Rudd’s State Quagmire’ in The Australian, 26. 6. 08. (PSM Manual pp. 193 – reproduced under license, in PSM Program 2009, Managing up: the framework of public sector management). Tiernan, A. (2008). The Council for the Australian Federation: A New Structure of Australian Federalism. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 67(2), 122-134 Twomey, A Withers, G 2007, Australia’s federal future: a report for the council for the Australian federation, Council for the Australian Federation, Adelaide, SA. Wanna, J 2007, ‘Improving federalism: drivers for change, repair options and reform scenarios’, Australian Journal of Public Administration, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 275-279. Wanna, J, Phillimore, J, Fenna, A Harwood, J 2009, Common cause: strengthening Australias cooperative federalism: final report to the Council for the Australian Federation, Council for the Australian Federation, Adelaide, SA. Wanna, J. 2007, ‘The malaise of federalism: comparative reflections on Commonwealth-state relation’, Australian Journal of Public Administration, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 298-306. (PSM Manual pp. – reproduced under license, in PSM Program 2009, Managing up: the framework of public sector management). ?

College Scholarship Essay - Clear Essay Preparation!

College Scholarship Essay - Clear Essay Preparation!A college scholarship essay is usually considered to be a great tool that can really help you in your quest to get financial aid. You have to ensure that you are clear about the kind of essay that you need in order to secure financial aid. This essay needs to discuss why you need financial aid in the first place. This can be simple if you are self-supporting or complicated if you have a family to support.There are basic examples for you to use in order to write the best essay that you can. Here are some examples for you to consider:Why do you need it? Some scholarships or grants will not cover certain debts. In such cases, you may need the help of a college scholarship. Some people need money to do home repairs or improve their education. You will also find that some scholarships may give you the money for these purposes.Reasons, reasons... One may be awarded as a result of the very reason that he or she has failed to meet all the c riteria of their academic studies. Usually, students who fail to get into college are usually those who have a personal reason to avoid such examinations. Hence, they have to stay away from such exams.In many instances, students have different reasons to enter college, and each student's case may be unique. You will find that the college scholarship essay sample will be able to help you with a clear idea of what you need to write and how you can go about making your answers concise and clear.The money will be paid without the need to pay the application fee or the interview fee. The school will give the money automatically. So, you will not have to worry about the payment at all. Another reason why some scholarships or grants may be offered without the requirement of any financial transaction is because the person in question would still get a chance to make a name for himself or herself even in this competitive world.Just like other types of grants, there are also programs that pro vide money only to those who enroll in a particular program. For example, there are school counselors who give a 'no fault' program. This may be very helpful to someone who has bad grades in their classes and does not want to go to college just for that.So, whether you want to ask for a scholarship or a grant, a college scholarship essay can make your situation clearer. With the right combination of proper grammar and clarity, you can easily impress college admissions officers and find financial aid that you have always been dreaming of.

7 Movie-Title Mistakes

7 Movie-Title Mistakes 7 Movie-Title Mistakes 7 Movie-Title Mistakes By Mark Nichol One does not rely on the entertainment industry to model proper grammar and punctuation, but is it too much to expect that movie titles make grammatical sense? Evidently, it is; filmmakers and film studio marketing staff have more important things to do than ensure that titles correctly use hyphens and apostrophes, appropriately employ punctuation marks, and form verbs properly, as these movie posters demonstrate. An early poster for The 40-Year-Old Virgin omitted the first hyphen, resulting in a title that didn’t make sense. If it were plural, it could refer to twoscore twelve-month-old babies, but that’s rather complicated. Fortunately, later versions were corrected, and moviegoers were left with a comforting correlation between a photograph of Steve Carell’s dorky-looking title character and a that-figures movie title. The title of the horror-comedy Eight Legged Freaks appears to refer to an octet of people who may be otherwise abnormal but are equipped with legs. However, as an epithet for unusually large and aggressive spiders (apparently based on an ad lib from the star of the film, which originally bore the title Arac Attack), it should read Eight-Legged Freaks; the words eight and legged must outside of Hollywood, that is be hyphenated to signal that they combine as a single term modifying freaks. Shrink, shrank, shrunk. Shrink, shrank, shrunk. I always have to look that kind of stuff up a strategy the makers of this film could have easily employed to produce a grammatically correct title. Depending on where Rick Moranis’s character is in the child-miniaturizing process at the pertinent time, the title should be Honey, I Will Shrink the Kids, Honey, I Shrank the Kids, or Honey, I Have Shrunk the Kids. This man belongs to the ladies. He is in their possession. Ladies claim ownership of this man. He is a ladies’ man. Ladies, is this your man? A citizen who abides by the law is a law-abiding citizen; law and abiding are connected by a hyphen to show that together, they describe the particular type of citizen ostensibly featured in this film (in reality, the protagonist is a law-flouting citizen but that’s Hollywood for you). The lack of a hyphen is excusable in display type on a movie poster or in the film’s credits, but when it is omitted on promotional materials as well, the producers are not law-abiding filmmakers. When you plan to resign from a job, it’s customary to give notice two weeks in advance of your planned departure date. You give a notice of two weeks. The two weeks â€Å"belong† to the notice, so it’s â€Å"two weeks’ notice† (or â€Å"a two-week notice,† though the other form is much more common). This title is a question. The source material for the film is a novel titled Who Censored Roger Rabbit? So, why does the movie title not include a question mark? Some sources claim that filmmakers have a superstition that titles so adorned do poorly at the box office. Tell that to What’s Up, Doc?, Whatever Happened to Baby Jane?, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, and, more recently, O Brother, Where Art Thou?, among others. This film did very well, but I think would have been just as successful with the perilous punctuation mark. Defenders will say the title is shorthand for â€Å"Find Out Who Framed Roger Rabbit,† but that requires logical contortions not even the rubber-limbed title character can manage. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" The Six Spellings of "Long E"List of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings

Native Americans transition from freedom to isolation

Native Americans transition from freedom to isolation Introduction The American civil war, which begun in 1861and ended in 1865 is regarded as one of the most violent wars experienced in the history of United States of America. At least 620,000 soldiers died during this war, which was estimated to be 2% of the American population by then.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Native Americans transition from freedom to isolation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The war caused havoc and destruction in the south wiping off about two thirds of the appraised value of the southern wealth, destroying more than half of the regions farm machinery, consuming two-fifths of southern livestock and killing one quarter of southern white males between the ages of 20 and 40 (David 1996). In the mid nineteenth century, America as a nation had conflicting ideological and cultural indifferences as it attempted to adopt the agrarian revolution traditions. Although the country had enjoyed un ity for more than 60 years, political, cultural economic and social differences were the cause of the crisis in 1861 that erupted into a civil war. The consequences of the war were termed as being more positive rather than negative to the country as a whole. According to Abraham Lincoln, the civil war brought to America a new birth of freedom as the war enlightened the people about slavery and destroying slavery paved way to freedom. Reconstruction after the war was an opportunity to adopt and embrace new changes in the southern society placing Native Americans in a new redefined society life. Lifestyle of natives American The period between 1862 and 1865 was a time during which all Native Americans all over the continent were struggling for sovereignty. The civil war attracted many people dwelling in America especially the Native Americans who comprised of various tribe’s, bands and nations. During the civil war, the Native Americans served in both federal government and the confederate states of America military. Even though they participated in the war, they did so knowing very well that, they could be putting at risk their freedom, inimitable cultures and ancestral lands if at all they lost in the war. Most of the American natives lived in the west of Mississippi river. About 360,000 of the American natives were American Indians who were confined in an Indian Territory what is today known as Oklahoma. The American Indians are said to have occupied and lived in America 9,500 years before the arrival of the first Europeans explorers. From the arguments of many anthropologists and archeologist, the first people to arrive in America most probably arrived during the last ice age period of about 20,000-30,000 years ago when they used the bridge at Bering Sound in the northeastern part of Siberia to cross over to Alaska.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"The name â€Å"Indian† was first referred to them by Christopher Columbus, an European explorer, who while in search of a shorter route to India mistakenly came across the islands of America which were part of the Indies in Asia hence the name Indians† (James et al 2010). Native Americans lived in small groups and tribes. Since they were not domesticated and primitive, the American Indians used their hunting skills to kill their prey which they would later bring back to their families as a source of food. Their houses were known as longhouses, which had a rectangular shape and constructed using barks covering. These homes had one thing in common, they had smoke hole in the roof, and the entrance doors were low and covered with animal’s skins, while fires in their homes burned inside their houses all the time both day and night. Everyone in these communities had specific work entitled to them in accordance to gender and age. Men were the head of the families and for this reason they were responsible for bringing food they hunted, protect their families from animals and enemies and cure diseases while the women gathered forest foods and reaped corn in preparation to serve a meal for their families. Women were also responsible of nurturing their children while children helped when necessary as a way of preparing themselves for adulthood. Coming of the Europeans In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, the Europeans started to stream immigrants into the northern and eastern parts of America. This is where they discovered a new kind of society that was very different compared to theirs (Larry, 1986). The natives themselves were amazed by the physical appearances of the Europeans since they were white in complexion compared to their reddish natural skin colour complexion. They also had a very differently mode of dressing from the natives which was deerskins with decors from shell beads or porcupine quills, feathers and other unique ornaments. Apart from that, Europeans had a unique kind of technology with them that made them even more perplexed. This wonderful technology comprised of the fire-belching harquebus and cannon, steel knives, mirrors, hawk bells, earrings swords, copper and brass kettles, and much more wonderful things. In American history, the European exploration is termed as one of the greatest event with ecological impacts since it led to the increase in population of the Americans. The increase in population is as a result of the mass movement of people to embrace ‘new world’. The movement caused conflicts between the Europeans and the natives of the American land (Bowles 2011).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Native Americans transition from freedom to isolation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Impact of European settlement For a long time since their arrival, the Europeans and the natives coexis ted peacefully as they learned different things from each other since they both had totally different lifestyles. The two societies were able to trade food, fur coats, and beads for weapons, glass while the Indian children enjoyed playing with European toys. The two societies had very contrasting ideas in relation to personal wealth and ownership. According to the Europeans, only those who were rich had the opportunity to own land and strongly believed that once this rich person dies, the land is to passed on to family signifying honor and pride this was contrary to Indians beliefs. Indians believed that property is owned by a tribe, land was a sacred asset and it belonged to no individual person but to a family as a whole. The Indians had a rule that states that ‘everything on the earth is given to all, and each person deserves their own share’. Thereafter, conflicts erupted. Europeans appeared to be oblivious to the culture and traditions of the Indians. They were arr ogant and materialist in terms of land, animals and plants in presence, a gesture that was not appealing to the Indians. This was the beginning of indifferences among the two societies. Conflicts among Native American brought about wars and desperate struggles between the native people and white people for the rich lands that became the United States (Larry, 1986). Europeans desired to conquer the new continent because of what they viewed as materialist opportunity. Their main aim was to force out the natives from their own land compelling them to relocate in order to acquire and own these rich lands for profit. The Europeans perceived this new land as a land of great opportunities hence the motive for pushing the Native Americans into the west to where the Indians were. Their arrival brought about agricultural revolution and several other environmental changes as the Europeans colonies established new and permanent settlements in the Indian country. There was a transformed world as Europeans arrival accelerated already manifested practices of the native community (James et al 2010). These practices included; gradual collapse of chiefdoms, steady coalescence of smaller groups to large communities and introduction of new diseases.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the onset of the ‘new Indian world’ people become aware that they was scarce resources and therefore it resulted to war between themselves in order to acquire what they thought was of value to build and maintain a viable community this was the ‘human asset’. One of the main reason for the war erupting is the introduction of new technology with no way of defeating the Europeans so the natives watched helplessly their society crumble down slowly. Once the Europeans destroyed the way of life of the natives, it was difficult for many indigenous groups to maintain their traditional methods even if they wanted to. The American Indian had no powerful incentive to dream up new technologies to assist human survival. Since their arrival, the Europeans impact toward the natives was negative. The Native Americans suffered in the arms of the Europeans whereby the Native Americans were treated badly as Europeans did whatever they wished with them. At first the natives were determined to defeat their visitors but as soon as a group of the Native Americans rose to challenge the Europeans and stand up for themselves, the Europeans with their advanced technology would quickly put them down. Comparing the native’s weapons which comprised of bows and arrows and the Europeans weapons which comprised of canons and guns, the natives had a hard time battling with the Europeans. It was rare for the Native Americans to fall ill and they had built sweathouses that they used to purify themselves of ills and evil spirits. Richard (2000) notes that, â€Å"the natives had not come into contact with these kinds of diseases from the old world since they were separated from Asia, Africa and Europe by vast water bodies and ice.† Diseases like measles, pneumonia, influenza, malaria and small pox were new to these people. The Europeans are to be held responsible for bringing these diseases to the native’s lands and infecting the native people. Sin ce the diseases were introduced into America, the population of the native people dropped significantly since these people were not immune to such kind of diseases. In just a span of twenty years, about 50% of the American native population had been wiped out many of them dying because of the diseases. The increased number of deaths sparked rage among the natives as they started doubting and questioning their beliefs and religion since they could not understand why their people were dying as they had never experienced anything like these deadly diseases before the arrival of the Europeans. These made them believe that Europeans had the ability to kill and give life to people. Europeans way of life was very different from the natives. They were used to owning land and claiming its ownership arguing that Indians had no land value and no interest to owning any part of the land hence they decided to evacuate them. These conflicts brought about Indian wars, signing of an act ‘India n Removal Act’ that permitted the removal of Indians from their own land signed by President Andrew Jackson in 1830, including passing of several acts that favored European interest at that time. The war was a great disadvantage to Native Americans since they were few in numbers due to deaths brought about by lack of immunity to new diseases, their nomadic way of life prevented them from having advanced weapons, their weapons were blunt clubs and could only manage to wound and not kill their enemies. They also lacked unified of cooperation among themselves to enhance their defense. On the other hand, Europeans succeeded in conquering the natives due to their advanced weapons like the canons and guns which were considered to have played a major role. But the fact was that they only instilled fear, a psychological effect on the Native Americans as they were also well armed with Spaniards steel swords and daggers which were very sharp with the ability to slaughter the Indians. T hey also possessed horses and horsemen who could override the Indians before they could inform their fellow Indians of an invasion. These horses provided the Europeans with speed of surprise attack and a platform where Europeans could protect themselves during a fight as they could flee before their enemies could succeed in attempting to retaliate. The once peaceful community was now being faced with harsh treatment from colonialists. They had to endure several new and deadly diseases, enslavement and wars. Europeans took advantage during these wars and killed Native Americans indiscriminately. A major setback for the natives was an inconsistency in cooperation among themselves in order to build a strong defense group. This was due to the fact that there were a number of American Indians who were in support of European actions while others did not approve any of what the Europeans were doing. During the American revolutionary war, war between various American Indians tribes accelera ted (Celia, 2003). The new American settlers were struggling with the British people to support the native Americans and the nations in the east of Mississippi therefore many native Americans supported the early European settlers with the expectation of stopping the expansion of colonization in the continent. Unfortunately, the European settlers continued to expand the horizons in which they colonized either forcefully or through mutual understanding. The isolation and concentration of Indian Americans can be traced to this period after the justification of the Indian removal act in 1830. Most of the Indians who were located in the eastern parts of the Mississippi river were relocated to the western part of the river. Some of the groups relocated include: â€Å"Seneca, a group that was evicted from the state of New York and later settled in northeastern part of Oklahoma; the Sauk Indians who were evicted from Midwest and settled in a small area northern central Oklahoma; the Cherok ee who were evicted from Southeast to Oklahoma. Those Indians who refused to move west were forced to give up large tracks of their lands, which they had control over and were concentrated on increasingly small and geographically isolated areas† (Alvin, Joane Troy 1999). The population of European origin in the United States continued to increase in the late 1800 mounting more pressure on the Native Americans to give up more of their new land. The expulsion process was accomplished mostly through peaceful treaties while at times it involved violence. These new lands given to the Indians were regarded by the whites as undesirable and were located far from major population centers, trails and transportation routes. During the 19th century, United States government policies aimed at isolating and concentrating Indians in areas with scarce natural resources, detached from the emergent United States wealth. Conclusion The act signed by President Andrew Jackson in 1830, ‘the Indian Removal Act,’ essentially could be blamed for taking away any remaining opportunity of sovereignty and freedom for the Native Americans. Literature has constantly shown that these Americans left their original land by choice though this has raised a lot of criticism. Celia (2003) claimed that Native Americans endured immense pressure from European settlers to move away and due to their marginal numbers they had to concede the pressure. Since the European arrival they had been alienated mentally from their beliefs, cultures and practices as the Europeans tried to convince them to adopt to the ‘new culture’ so that they do not feel isolated but rather feel like Americans. Unfortunately, the Native American practices have been erased in an effort to make people believe that Europeans were the first people to settle in America. Towards the end of the 19th century, due to the sub-standard way of life in the isolated reservation, the federal government changed i ts primary approach to the â€Å"Indian problem† from a forced isolation to forced assimilation and now concerns about the reservation problems were resembled in many aspects. Native Americans living on reservations disproportionately lacked access to both basic and advanced technologies because poor infrastructure makes the cost of obtaining new modern technology equipment very expensive. The assimilation was achieved through allotment policy and the first allotment legislation (the Dawes Act) that was first enacted in 1887 and required that the land be sub-divided into smaller pieces so as to give the Indians an opportunity to do farming or ranching since they were the main occupations in the areas where Indians occupied. References Alvin M. J., Joane N., Troy R. J. (1999). Red power: the American Indians fight for freedom. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Bowles, M. (2011). A history of the United States since 1865. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint. Celia, B. (2003). Nati ve American power in the United States, 1783-1795. Madison, NJ: Farleigh Dickinson University Press. David, L. V. (1996). Native American Economic Development on Selected Reservations a Comparative Analysis, American journal of Economics and Sociology. Vol 4 (9) p. 9-45. James, S. O. et al (2010).The Ethnic Dimension in American History. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Larry, W. B. (1986). Roots of the Native American urban experience relocation policy in the 1950s. Journal of American Indian Quarterly. Vol-10, 45. Richard, F. (2000). Native Americans: the indigenous peoples of North America Living through history. Mankato, MN; Heinemann.

The Death Penalty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Death Penalty - Research Paper Example Summary of the major issues, concepts and distinctionsThe death penalty is not a new phenomenon in the society, and it has been in existence over the last decades. Even today, many nations still practice death penalty including the US, who believes to be the human rights advocates. This was witnessed when it hanged the Iranian president, Saddam Hussein. There are still lingering and unanswered question regarding the death penalty. Many people believe that the continuous existence of death penalty in the 21st century compromises the role of the justice system. For instance, the justice system was established with the desire for rehabilitation but not retribution (Norman, 1995). Therefore, it is unconvincing to kill a convict because the justice system has made a judgment. To many people, the death penalty is immoral and unethical. Life is un-alienated right that everyone should enjoy. Hence, human rights activists believe that taking ones right more so natural right is immoral and une thical.The justice system of any nation has a role of rehabilitating the offenders so that they don't repeat the same crime. Because of this, the convicts are given another new chance to re-evaluate themselves and start a new life. Imposing death penalty on criminals is an indication of failed justice system as it is an unethical practice. As much as a person who commits capital offenses deserves capital punishment, the death penalty is harsh and compromises the role of humanity as well as natural rights (Norman, 1995).

How does the living wage relate to the labour movement and how does Essay

How does the living wage relate to the labour movement and how does the labour movement relate to the living wage (employment relationship) - Essay Example In addition to that, globalization has also led to a few number of state renounce the laws that govern the employees. Due to the mere ignorance and the globalization factor, majority of the states have cut of the wages of their employees to go down more than they deserve. This occurs mostly in the sector where skills are not needed and they are not counted as increasing the economy (McConnell & Brue, 1999). Due to all the reasons mentioned above, numerous organizations that claim to fight off low pay, or living wage or fair pay have been introduced in the last twenty years. This has happened in majority of the countries both the developed countries and the developing. They have acted a key part in the society since they gather, educate and air the views of unsatisfied employees to the government who for a very long time have been going on with a low pay, way down more than the standard one. The activities that these labor organizations do have yielded positive results for instance, one of the results they have yielded is that wage tribunals have been happening more than they used to. In addition to that, the labor work force has also been awarded for the good work they portray of campaigning for or fellow human rights. Some of the benefits that the employees have gained for is for instance having a weekend, which has two days, if they work on holidays they get paid and majority of the organizations that employ them have focused on the 8 hours of working each day and compensation for any extra minute spent working (Victor et al., 1998). In a lay mans’ dictionary if we try to look at the definition of the term labour movement, it is the movement of workers for enhanced management by employers, for the most part through the creation of labour unions. So how does it (the labour movement) relate to the living wage and how does the living wage relate to the labour movement? Living wage and the labour movements go hand in